1. FOCUS-directs students to the task

EXAMPLES: "Next word." (in story) / You point to ball on arrow in front of word. / You hold up hand and say, "Listen."

2. THINK TIME (0-5 seconds) reasonable time for figuring out the response

3. VERBAL CUE-alerts students how and when to respond

EXAMPLES: "What word?" / "Sound it out. Get ready."

4. INTERVAL-always the same, a split second for a breath

5. HAND SIGNAL-students response now

EXAMPLES:
Hand drop; when looking at instructor
Visual-pull-out-touch, loop, slash; for instructor's material
Auditory-snap, clap, tap-when students look at their material